India's Revolutionary Icons who followed the paths of The Buddha

India's Revolutionary Icons who followed the paths of  The Buddha
It all began with Buddha... and these are some of the great Torch Bearer's of Buddha's Dhamma.... This Blog is a Scholarly Blog created to provide insights into the life, services and Social contributions of some of the Greatest of Indian Scholars, Humanitarians, Saints and social activists about whom the vested interests and Rotten Indian media do not write. Nor there is a State or center policies to restore and protect the stunning stories of these great men and woman...let me walk you through the greatness..!!

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Father of Nation of India Dr.Bheemarao Ambedkar

The first Law Minister of India and the Father of Indian Constitution Bheemrao Ramji Ambedkar (Dr.B.R.Ambedkar)spoke, wrote and demonstrated quite extensively and comprehensively than any other known living or dead humans of India as to how treacherous, dangerous this so called Indian hindu society and it's deadly cultures that spread discrimination and bigotry between each of thousands of heterogeneous groups. To find a way to bring them all these "heterogeneous mess of India", and to put them in single order to lead a happy, free and prosperous life, to make them behave like humans and to treat fellow humans DrAmbedkar crafted this finest of the fine Constitution that even Americans refer to it when they are in crisis. Ofcourse, Dr.Ambedkar was an American Scholar and Columbia Doctorate, he did learn lots about humanity and freedom while he was in America, but he also studied American Constitution, so a well learned scholar and genius DrAmbedkar fathered the Indian constitution in real sense, he is the Father of Modern India, while SakyaMuni Buddha was the Father of ancient and all time Father of India. Here is the dedication to the Father of India: http://fatherofnationi.blogspot.com/

Sunday, December 23, 2007

RSS The Poisness Snake??

This is a liner from the great Indian indepence leader Vallabh Bhai Patel about the dangerous activity of RSS, unbelievably RSS was worst from those days, it gets worst and worst.

here it is from a blog:http://arvindneela.blogspot.com/2007/04/blog-post_30.html

K.R.Athiyaman said...
letter of Sardar Patel's of September 11, 1948, addressed to the RSS chief Golwalkar himself: ...----Aurangzeb RoadNew DelhiDate: 11th Sept. 1948Brother Sri Golwalkar, ...You are very well aware of my views about the RSS. ... There can be no doubt that the RSS did service to the Hindu society. In the areas where there was need for help and organisation, the young men of the RSS protected women and children and strove much for their sake. No person of understanding could have a word of objection regarding that. But the objectionable part arose when they, burning with revenge, began attacking Mussalmans. Organising the Hindus and helping them is one thing but going in for revenge for its sufferings on innocent and helpless men, women and children is quite another thing. ...All their speeches were full of communal poison. It was not necessary to spread poison in order to enthus the Hindus and organise for their protection. As a final result of the poison, the country had to suffer the sacrifice of the invaluable life of Gandhiji. Even an iota of the sympathy of the Government or of the people no more remained for the RSS. In fact opposition grew. Opposition turned more severe when the RSS men expressed joy and distributed sweets after Gandhiji's death. Under these circumstances it becamed inevitable for the Government to take action against the RSS.Yours(Sd.) Vallabh Bhai Patel
7:22 AM, April 30, 2007

Friday, December 21, 2007

Venerable Lokanatha, Buddhist who influenced Dr.B.R.Ambedkar

The Venerable Lokanatha (1897-May 25, 1966), an italian born and American educated Buddhist was one of the great influencers of our Dr.B.R.Ambedkar before his conversion to Buddhism in 1956. Venerable Lokanatha was also graduated from Columbia University and Rockefeller in US. He has obviously met Dr.B.R.Ambedkar in his house and they discussed in details about Buddhism at various occassions.

Read further

Lokanatha (Italian Buddhist Monk)

Thursday, December 13, 2007

Indian Media: Cowardice at best & Arrogant at worst

http://upliftthem.blogspot.com/2007/12/aaja-nachle-scandal-indian-media.html
Read this article on upliftthem about the recent controversy on "derogatory song lines" in a hindi movie. These Indian Ambedkarites writers bring such an insight into this issue and how the Indian media covered the whole issue without much thoughts to it. Aaja Nachle Scandal & INDIAN MEDIA: Cowardice at Best and Arrogant at Worst: Read Further!? Caste Pathology infested actors, Bollywood and Indian Media whores!?:It is quite understable that there is a huge population out there in India who are infected with this untreatable non-psychiatric but worst than psychiatric illness called "caste".

Saturday, October 20, 2007

Saint Guru Ghasidas & Satnami in Cahhattisgarh


Niralaji writes about
Guru Ghasidas (1756-1836) was the founder of the Satnami community in Chhattisgarh. The great saint of Chattisgarh followed simple and scientific approaches like Lord Buddha to eradicate caste system and fought against ignorance of hindus and Brahmins to uplift the from caste atrocities and pathology, a revered saint of Chattisgarh.
Guru Ghasidas (1756-1836) was the founder of the Satnami community in Chhattisgarh. He was born in the village Girodhpuri in the Raipur district. During his lifetime, the political atmosphere in India was one of exploitation. Ghasidas experienced the evils of the caste system at an early age, which helped him understand the social dynamics in a caste-ridden society and reject social inequity. To find solutions, he traveled extensively in Chhattisgarh.

SAINT TUKARAM-17th Century Great saint and scholar

I am updating the "Great Saints & Scholars List", today's addition is our great Saint "Tukaram", a 17th century poet and saint (1608-1649). Born and raised in a tiny village in the state of Maharastra was raised to the greatest of saints from a poorest family (one of the victims of the hindu's caste system), despite all the odds of those days, he shattered the Brahmins myths and iron wall and became a saint revered by Maharastrians then and today. GSS&H is only deals with the scholarly aspects of this saint, not pandering over his "cult Bhakti" and god worshipping phenomenon of his time. Though these yester year saints would have choosen other means to make changes in societies, it probably would not have made any sense at that time, when just speaking out aginst hindu varnashrama would have made them killed by the hindu terrorists, so they might have wisely choosen "In the Name of God" pathway, but would have completely involved in what they were doing. Neverthless, it is their great talents and power over the ordinary, mundane people that make them saints, not the godly worshiping or craps like that. Many of the listed saints here took that path as the hindu's were barbarians and kill at sight if any lower caste people trying to come up, but the god worshiping pathway probably saved all these saints, but eventually Tukaram was got killed, Nandanar was god killed by Brahmins and the list goes on and on.....!


During his 41 years, Tukaram composed over 5,000 abhangs. Many of them speak of events in his life, which make them somewhat autobiographical. Yet, they are focused on God, Pandurang, and not Tukaram. His abhangs became very popular with the masses of common people. It was this very popularity that caused the religious establishment (the high caste Brahmins) to hate and persecute Tukaram. as, he was causing them to lose their power over the people. There are many miracles attributed to Tukaram. ..

Friday, July 20, 2007

CALIFORNIA School Board & Invasion of Hindu fundamentalists into Text Books!!

SikhSpectrum.com Quarterly Issue No.22, February 2006

Now, Hindu Nationalists Rewriting California Textbooks
Angana Chatterji
The attempts of diasporic Hindu nationalist organizations in the United States to intervene in revising segments on India, Indian history, and Hinduism in 6th grade textbooks in California State schools is disturbing.

On December 2, 2005, the Curriculum Commission, an advisory body to the California State Board of Education accepted 131 of the 153 revisions proposed by Hindu Education Foundation (HEF) and Vedic Foundation (VF), two groups affiliated with Hindutva, militant Hindu nationalist ideology. The edits offered by these groups were adopted amid intense lobbying and the misrepresentation that their views represent those of 'ALL HINDUS' in the diaspora. This bears testimony to the power and resources of long-distance Hindu nationalism, and its organizing capabilities in the United States.

The changes proposed by HEF, VF, and the Ad Hoc Committee, on the basis of recommendations made by Professor Shiva Bajpai, who too is affiliated with the World Association for Vedic Studies, a Hindu nationalist organization, assert a nationalistic and mythic history of India as 'social fact'. Contrary to reputable scholarship, the revisions refute the migration of Aryans, associated by historians with the emergence of Hinduism, from Central Asia into India.

The revisions posit Hinduism as indigenous to India and ascribed with its origins, rendering mute the histories of adivasis (tribal, first peoples) and their subjugation by Hindus. On page 238, the Ad Hoc Committee proposed, and the Curriculum Commission accepted, that the current text, 'The Aryans created a caste system' be replaced with: 'During Vedic times, people were divided into different social groups (varnas) based on their capacity to undertake a particular profession.'

Such storying dissociates the caste system from Hinduism, and discounts and neutralizes the oppressive structure and politics via which the caste system was constituted. It presents the caste system as a fluid arrangement, not restricted by ancestry. On page 245, the Ad Hoc Committee proposed, and the Curriculum Commission accepted, that the current text, 'Men had many more rights than women', be replaced with: 'Men had different duties (dharma) as well as rights than women. Many women were among the sages to whom the Vedas were revealed.' The inequity of women's rights is legitimated and discoursed as 'different rights', invisibilizing women's subordinated role in a patriarchal society, and the Vedas posed as 'revealed' doctrines.
The revisions highlight Hindutva's misogyny and bigotry, and assert a non-reflective gaze at power that justifies Hindu dominance and cultural nationalism. Their history makes Hinduism uniform, monotheistic, and monolithic, dismissing the disenfranchisement of women, dalits, adivasis, and religious minorities under centuries of Hindu ascendancy in what is today India, and therefore their ongoing struggles for justice and self-determination. What message are we sending children?

The positions taken by HEF and VF are deliberate, and consistent with the attempts of Hindutva groups toward rewriting history in India, where sectarian education campaigns undertaken by Hindu extremist groups demonize minorities through the teaching of fundamentalist curricula. The Hindu right-wing has instituted an educational network for rural and disenfranchised peoples in India, building on a mandate that validates the paramountcy of a 'Hindu worldview' and the assembling of a Hindu state.

Such corruption of education incites political and social fires, cultivating a culture of hatred toward non-Hindus and those that refuse to submit to Hindutva's tyranny. Hindu nationalist organizations, such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), have spearheaded this movement in India, successfully penetrating into educational systems and centralized regulatory commissions. The RSS has fashioned an institutional umbrella that has had damaging impact on education at the local level.

Created by the RSS in 1977, the Vidya Bharati Akhil Bharatiya Shiksha Sansthan network focuses on moral, extracurricular and physical education for 'mind, body, and spirit'. The Vidya Bharati system supervises over 18,000 schools in India, with a shared curriculum across the country. The RSS has established a network of schools, such as the Vanvasi Kalyan Parishads, Vivekananda Kendras, Sewa Bharatis, Ekal Vidyalayas, to advance the ideological agenda of Hindu nationalism.

For adivasis (referred derogatorily by Hindu nationalists as 'vanavasis' or 'forest dwellers') and dalits (erstwhile 'untouchable' castes), this ongoing reality of Hinduization forces their coercive incorporation into Brahmanical Hinduism. Hindu nationalists have utilized such educational networks as mechanisms through which to recruit and mobilize women, adivasis, and dalits in campaigns against religious minorities. The participation of Hinduized women, adivasi, and dalit communities in the genocide of Muslims in Gujarat in 2002 exemplifies this pattern.
Following the Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) accession to power at the centre in 1998, Hindu nationalist educators were inducted into the National Council for Education and Research Training (NCERT), the national curriculum development and review body, to make changes to school curricula. With the defeat of the BJP at the centre in 2004, processes to reverse these changes have been instated. The United States Department of State, in its International Religious Freedom reports of 2002, 2003, and 2004, stated that attempts at Hinduizing education endangered religious freedom in India. Now it appears that this same strategy is insinuating itself in California.

Hindu nationalist curricula must not masquerade as 'standard education' in California. The California State Board of Education must note that the VF and HEF and their supporters are closely connected to Hindu nationalist organizations. The HEF, its coordinators and advisors, for example, include members of the Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS, the US counterpart of the RSS) and Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America (VHP-A), another key Hindutva organization. The Hindu American Foundation has threatened legal action against the California Board of Education in regard to the textbook changes. Its president, Dr. Mihir Meghani, has been a member of both the HSS and VHP-A.

Hindu nationalists in the US have been targeting Professors Michael Witzel (Harvard University), James Heitzman (UC, Davis), and Stanley Wolpert (UCLA). These scholars reviewed the edits proposed by Hindu nationalists and suggested responsible changes premised on credible histories. Mr. Gaurang Desai of the HSS derogatorily equated Professor Witzel to Hitler in speaking to the Curriculum Commission. This is ironic criticism given Hindutva's professed admiration for Hitler and the Nazi Party, as Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar, an early RSS ideologue, expressed in 1938, in 'We or Our Nation Defined':
'Germany shocked the world by her purging the country of the Semitic races -- the Jews. National pride at its highest has been manifested here'.
He continued:

'The non-Hindu people in Hindustan [homeland of Hindus] .... may stay in the country wholly subordinated to the Hindu nation claiming nothing, deserving no privileges, far less any preferential treatment, not even citizen's rights.'
After being nominated Chief Minister of Gujarat in October 2001,
Mr. Narendra Modi incorporated the teachings of Hindutva in his governance of Gujarat. According to a Times of India article, entitled, 'In Modi's Gujarat, Hitler is a textbook hero' in tenth grade school texts: 'present a frighteningly uncritical picture of Fascism and Nazism. The strong national pride that both these phenomena generated, the efficiency in the bureaucracy and the administration and other "achievements" are detailed, but the exterminations of Jews and atrocities against trade unionists, migrant laborers, and any section of people who did not fit into Mussolini or Hitler's definition of rightful citizen do not find mention.'
Hate mail directed at Professor Witzel has accused him of being a 'racist'. This is a despicable example of slander, and, in the name of a high moral principle, makes a mockery of the seriousness of racism. Respected and credentialed scholars such as Professor Witzel and others who served on the review panel must be judged by the merits of their scholarship. Instead, Hindu nationalists, such as Mr. Desai and Dr. Yvette Rosser, who ambiguously refers to Professor Witzel as 'a professor from Harvard University' (India-West), systematically fabricate libelous and defamatory allegations to discredit individuals, rather than engage with integrity the issues raised by those who oppose them.
Issues of racism and ethnocentrism that diasporic communities are confronted with in the United States are of critical concern and prompt us to seek curricular changes, hoping that a respectful curriculum will further facilitate a multicultural society. In proposing curricular changes, we must however make distinctions between national pride that wishes to put forward a uniform and glorifying version of history and the scholarship of history, which seeks to present the complexities within. Fiction as history does not benefit Indian-American and other California school-goers, for whom engagement with the past must facilitate a deep questioning of how things come to be, of what constitutes knowledge, of how knowledge is contested, so that the study of history informs the work of citizenship.

Saturday, June 2, 2007

Jacob Riis, "HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES"

How the other half lives, a fascinating book written by Jacob Riis, more fascinating fact is a book written in the year 1890, mostly deal with the poor and underclass and their housing needs, the tenements and landlords and government policies. The whole book is available in an hypertext format, this format was aimed to reproduce the whole book. Look at the 130-140 year old images and pictures of New York residential buildings and the graphics of people.

Here is the introduction of the Book and a link to the whole book in hypertext format.
"Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives"

Introduction:

1. LONG ago it was said that "one half of the world does not know how the other half lives." That was true then. It did not know because it did not care. The half that was on top cared little for the struggles, and less for the fate of those who were underneath, so long as it was able to hold them there and keep its own seat. There came a time when the discomfort and crowding below were so great, and the consequent upheavals so violent, that it was no longer an easy thing to do, and then the upper half fell to inquiring what was the matter. Information on the subject has been accumulating rapidly since, and the whole world has had its hands full answering for its old ignorance.

2. In New York, the youngest of the world's great cities, that time came later than elsewhere, because the crowding had not been so great. There were those who believed that it would never come; but their hopes were vain. Greed and reckless selfishness wrought like results here as in the cities of older lands. "When the great riot occurred in 1863," so reads the testimony of the Secretary of the Prison Association of New York before a legislative committee appointed to investigate causes of the increase of crime in the State twenty-five years ago, "every hiding-place and nursery of crime discovered itself by immediate and active participation in the operations of the mob. Those very places and domiciles, and all that are like them, are to-day nurseries of crime, and of the vices and disorderly courses which lead to crime. By far the largest part--eighty per cent. at least--of crimes against properly and against the person are perpetrated by individuals who have either lost connection with home life, or never had any, or whose homes had ceased to be sufficiently separate, decent, and desirable to afford what ate regarded as ordinary wholesome influences of home and family. . . . The younger criminals seem to come almost exclusively from the worst tenement house districts, that is, when traced back to the very places where they had their homes in the city here.'' Of one thing New York made sure at that earls stage of the inquiry: the boundary line of the Other Half lies through the tenements.

3. It is ten years and over, now, since that line divided New York's population evenly. To-day three-fourths of its people live in the tenements, and the nineteenth century drift of the population to the cities is sending ever-increasing multitudes to crowd them. The fifteen thousand tenant houses that were the despair of the sanitarian in the past generation have swelled into thirty-seven thousand, and more than twelve hundred thousand persons call them home. The one way out he saw--rapid transit to the suburbs--has brought no relief. We know now that these is no way out; that the "system" that was the evil offspring of public neglect and private greed has come to stay, a storm-centre forever of our civilization. Nothing is left but to make the best of a bad bargain.

4. What the tenements are and how they grow to what they are, we shall see hereafter. The story is dark enough, drawn from the plain public records, to send a chill to any heart. If it shall appear that the sufferings and the sins of the "other half," and the evil they breed, are but as a just punishment upon the community that gave it no other choice, it will be because that is the truth. The boundary line lies there because, while the forces for good on one side vastly outweigh the bad--it were not well otherwise--in the tenements all the influences make for evil; because they are the hot-beds of the epidemics that carry death to rich and poor alike; the nurseries of pauperism and crime that fill our jails and police courts; that throw off a scum of forty thousand human wrecks to the island asylums and workhouses year by year; that turned out in the last eight years a round half million beggars to prey upon our charities; that maintain a standing army of ten thousand tramps with all that that implies; because, above all, they touch the family life with deadly moral contagion. This is their worst crime, inseparable from the system. That we have to own it the child of our own wrong does not excuse it, even though it gives it claim upon our utmost patience and tenderest charity.

5. What are you going to do about it? is the question of to-day. It was asked once of our city in taunting defiance by a band of political cutthroats, the legitimate outgrowth of life on the tenement-house level.[1] Law and order found the answer then and prevailed. With our enormously swelling population held in this galling bondage, will that answer always be given? It will depend on how fully the situation that prompted the challenge is grasped. Forty per cent. of the distress among the poor, said a recent official report, is due to drunkenness. But the first legislative committee ever appointed to probe this sore went deeper down and uncovered its roots. The "conclusion forced itself upon it that certain conditions and associations of human life and habitation are the prolific parents of corresponding habits and morals," and it recommended "the prevention of drunkenness by providing for every man a clean and comfortable home. Years after, a sanitary inquiry brought to light the fact that "more than one-half of the tenements with two-thirds of their population were held by owners veto trade the keeping of them a business, generally a speculation. The owner was seeking a certain percentage on his outlay, and that percentage very rarely fell below fifteen per cent., and frequently exceeded thirty. [2] . . .

The complaint was universal among the tenants that they were entirely smeared for, and that the only answer to their requests to have the place put in order by repairs and necessary improvements was that they must pay their rent or leave. The agent's instructions were simple but emphatic: 'Collect the rent in advance, or, failing, eject the occupants."' Upon such a stock grew this upas-tree. Small wonder the fruit is bitter. The remedy that shall be an effective answer to the coming appeal for justice must proceed from the public conscience. Neither legislation nor charity can cover the ground. The greed of capital that wrought the evil must itself undo it, as far as it can now be undone. Homes must be built for the working masses by those who employ their labor; but tenements must cease to be "good property" in the old, heartless sense. "Philanthropy and five per cent." is the penance exacted.


6. If this is true from a purely economic point of view, what then of the outlook front the Christian standpoint? Not long ago a great meeting was held in this city, of all denominations of religious faith, to discuss the question how to lay hold of these teeming masses in the tenements with Christian influences, to which they are now too often strangers. Might not the conference have found in the warning of one Brooklyn builder, who has invested his capital on this plan and made it pay more than a money interest, a hint worth heeding: "How shall the love of God be understood by those who have been nurtured in sight only of the greed of man?"
http://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/about.html
http://www.yale.edu/amstud/inforev/riis/introduction.html

Thanks to David for making this book available online free for our readers
David Phillips,
davidp@minerva.cis.yale.edu
New Haven, CT, November 13, 1995

Wednesday, March 14, 2007

Professor C.Parvathamma -Scholar of the Year 2006

Great Scholar Blog pays tribute to late Professor C.Parvathamma,
the first woman economist of India, one of the most brilliant Indian woman & a top class
Ambedkarite Dalits of India. She just accomplished what our Savior Dr.Ambedkar
dreamed of the educated dalits to do to India.

Prof. C. Parvathamma 1927-2006
Here is piece wriiten on the obituary of C. Parvathamma
the first woman Sociologist published in the latest issue of Economic and Political Weekly (EPW Vol.42-No.3 25 January)

We mourn the passing away of Prof. C. Parvathamma (1927-2006) the first Dalit woman Sociologist of India and of course, the first generation of Dalit Sociologist. She passed away on 1st of August, 2006 at the Age of 79 in Mysore . She was former Head of the Department of Sociology, University of Mysore, and a recipient of and Rajyothsava Award (1990), Gargi Award (1999), Nadoja Award (2005). Widely admired Sociologist, prolific writer and respected teacher, Prof. Parvathamma was possibly the best Sociologist Mysore ever produced along with Prof. M N Srinivas.She obtained her Ph.D. at Victoria University , Machester under the supervison of Max Gluckman and contributed immensly to our understanding of South Indian village society and Dalits in India . In her pioneering ethnographic work and volumes on northern Karnataka villages, Prof. Parvathamma brought out with great sensitivity the power relations in village society and the oppression of landowning communities. Her writings, especially on Lingayats and their beliefs, are very impressive. Her discussions and research on Virasaivism as an anti-Brahmanical movement in South India is a much acclaimed contribution in the subject of Sociology. As an insider, she also evaluated the role of Dalit politicians and vehemently criticized them for their self-fulfilling prophesy and paying lip service to the problems of Dalits. Scheduled Castes at the Cross-Roads and New Horizons and Scheduled Castes both from Ashis Publications, New Delhi were pionreering works on Dalits by a Dalit in 1980s.

Through her dedicated study and research, she produced some of the best reports on the depressed classes and other marginalised sections of the society,
which, at one time, enabled the State Government to take corrective policy measures for the upliftment of these classes. Her academic credentials cannot be judged only though her seventy research articles and eleven books as the second genration Dalit Sociologists reveal the baggage of cultural capital she has passed on to them by sharing her life experiences as a pioneer in the profession . At the XX All India Sociological Conference in 1993 held at St. Aloysius College Mangalore she mesmerised one and all with her powerful lecture which was full of ideologcial anecdotes. Her one sentence which still resonates in my conciousness is, “If this nation needs one Gandhi then it needs thousnds of Ambedkar to break free form the age old tyranicl Hindu Social Order”. As an institution builder, Prof. Parvathamma played a critical role in building the Sociology Department of Mysore University. She was instrumental in creating a tradition of research and also in publishing Sociological works through Prasaranga. She also was member of a number of commiteees and of the first Govering Body of the ICSSR at the time of its inception.Even after her retirement from the university service in 1988 she continued her urge and zeal for research, and established the ‘Center for Research in Rural and Tribal Devlopment’ in Mysore itself. Coming from an untouchable family and being a woman, she suffered from triple discrimination. She faced a great ordeal when she could not find a rented accomodation in Mysore even after completing a Ph. D. from Menchester and becoming a Lecture at Mysore University . But through her grit and hard work she made a space for her in corridors of acedimeia where Dalits were never welcomed. It is really unfortunate that her contribution was not recognised either in Karnataka or outside and she remained in oblivian, although through her writings she kept on reminding her unpresent presence in the subjct of Sociology and in the policy formulations. She will remain alive for ever in the profession of Sociology and keep on inspiring the coming generation of Sociologists.

http://churumuri.wordpress.com/2006/08/03/prof-parvathamma/
http://atrocitynews.wordpress.com/2007/01/29/c-parthamma-paases-away/



A Pie in the Sky ? by Mrs Dr C Parvathamma,
studies the reservation policies implemented in the 1950's by the Indian

government.These policies, which were supposed to last for ten years, are still used in
the contemporary Indian society and have dangerous consequences.

Indeed, since reservations within government jobs and schools keep increasing, upper caste members try to get scheduled castes’ certificates and the latter try to get tribal certificates. The reservation race has become, as the author says, « a national sport », each trying to get his share, with the political support of the community members. This certificates smuggling is reinforced by the various lobbies, more powerful for the caste than for the tribes.The study mixes historical, cultural, sociological and anthropological elements and shows – through the comparative analysis of a tribal population (Katu Kuruba) and a schedule caste population (les Kuruba)- the perversity of a caste-based policy. The author points out the differences between these two groups and enables the reader to understand the very notions of caste and tribe. Mrs Parvathamma insists on the role of the NGO, such as DEED in Mysore District, in the construction of a political consciousness enabling the tribals to claim their rights.« The implementation of the reservation policy just underlined the differences and divisions, the author writes. It encouraged caste spirit and corporatism, instead of promoting secular, democratic and republican sentiments. »…or how the dreams of social unity promoted by independent India heroes, Gandhi and Dr Ambedkar, are being threatened by a positive discrimination for which they fought. How the very notion of diversity represents a danger for social cohesion. How a society that abolished the caste system makes it the basis of its social policy. The book is built on a series of themes: after introducing the evolution of the caste system, the author presents anthropological aspects of Kuruba and Katu Kuruba and, in the last chapters, gives a political and historical analysis of the reservation policies’ evolution.The conclusion offers suggestions for corrective measures: assessment of the impact and rationalization of the policy, classification of the eligible social groups, definition of a calendar, un-enrollment of currently eligible groups for more democracy, more efficiency, more secularism and more ethics.

http://doc-aea.datapps.com/pub_cgi/document_sho.pl?document_id=1312&lang=fr


Tuesday, February 27, 2007

A Poem in response to Bant Singh's Video Letter!

Simpe, gentle and golden quality, Ravi you have got the creative talents and fine writing quality, that can send thousands of arrows into casteistic people's heart, yeah, straight into their heart!.


Ravi - Birmingham Jan 18th, 2007 at 9:29 pm
You may write me down in historyWith your bitter, twisted lies,
You may trod me in the very dirtBut still, like dust, I’ll rise.
Does my sassiness upset you?Why are you beset with gloom?
‘Cause I walk like I’ve got oil wellsPumping in my living room.
Just like moons and like suns,With the certainty of tides,
Just like hopes springing high,Still I’ll rise.

Did you want to see me broken?Bowed head and lowered eyes?
Shoulders falling down like teardrops,Weakened by my soulful cries.
Does my haughtiness offend you?
Don’t you take it awful hard‘Cause I laugh like I’ve got gold minesDiggin’ in my own back yard.
You may shoot me with your words,
You may cut me with your eyes,You may kill me with your hatefulness,
But still, like air, I’ll rise.
Does my sexiness upset you?Does it come as a surprise
That I dance like I’ve got diamonds
At the meeting of my thighs?
Out of the huts of history’s shame
I riseUp from a past that’s rooted in painI rise
I’m a black ocean, leaping and wide,
Welling and swelling I bear in the tide.
Leaving behind nights of terror and fear
I riseInto a daybreak that’s wondrously clear
I riseBringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,
I am the dream and the hope of the slave.
I riseI riseWe riseWe rise

Sunday, February 25, 2007

Anti-Conversion Law- This is a disgrace to India and disgusting to the society

Anti-Conversion Law- This is a disgrace to India and disgusting to the society.
State governments after state governments in India are becoming cruel to Dalits in their administration by passing such barbaric laws like anti-conversion laws to prevent people from choosing the religion or beliefs of their choice.

States such as Tamil Nadu alredy bitten the dust in creating a anti conversion law that is against the very human rights and the anti-conversion law in TN was later revoked what a shame on this Jayalalitha and those involved in such crimes. And now, Himachal Pradesh became a clown state among the clowns who are destroying the dalit's progress and their basic rights.

These leaders and the law makers are nothing but goons and scoundarals of the nation of India and must be funished with highest legal actions for voilating the human rights in India by illegal laws and legal mishandling of the state administration.

They all must go to jail for discriminating and humiliating dalits using anti conversion law.

The governor of Himachal Pradesh state, Shri Justice Vishnu Sadashiv Kokje, has given his assent to the anti-conversion law passed by the state legislature in December 2006. The bill has now passed into law.

Minority groups had expressed grave concern that the ‘Himachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion Bill, 2006’ was passed by the secular Congress Party, after similar laws were passed and strengthened in states ruled by the Hindu fundamentalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) last year, report human rights organisation Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW). CSW partner organisation, the All India Christian Council (AICC) is considering a legal challenge to the law at the Supreme Court.

CSW previously reported that Christians faced a fresh wave of harassment by Hindu extremist groups after the bill was passed. Further attacks have subsequently takenplace.

Dr Joseph D’souza, President of the Dalit Freedom Network and the All India Christian Council, said, “It is highly regrettable that the secular Congress government in Himachal Pradesh has chosen to pass this law, which severely undercuts the fundamental right to freedom of religion, particularly for exploited Dalits and tribals.

“The assent of the governor amounts to an endorsement of the discrimination and persecution against religious minorities in that state, which has already begun since the bill was passed on 29 December.”

CSW’s Advocacy Director, Tina Lambert, said, “Hindu extremist groups already seem to have been bolstered by the passage of this law, encouraged by the state-sponsored religious freedom restrictions which are becoming ever more common across India. This is a very troubling trend, and we urge the international community to make urgent representations to the Indian government about the proliferation of anti-conversion legislation.”



Jaykanthan- A Socially Consious Writer


A Tamil Writer very well regarded for his intellectually stimulating short stories and tamil literature in the modern years. His ability to bring the life of downtrodden people to the mainstream thinking and to the public is something very special, only a few can accomplish with a style and genuine interest.

The following review by S.Viswanathan on the work of Jayakanthan is very interesting and informative.

A writer in his world


S. VISWANATHAN
in Chennai
An outstanding oeuvre that reflected the travails of the downtrodden and challenged the belief systems of the middle class wins the Jnanpith Award for the Tamil writer Jayakanthan.

Monday, January 15, 2007

In and For the Post-Ambedkar Dalit Movement

The whole book is freely available on the internet, a great book.

'AMBEDKAR'
IN AND FOR THE POST-AMBEDKAR

DALIT MOVEMENT

(A paper presented in the seminar on the Post-Ambedkar Dalit Movement organised by the Department of Political Science, University of Pune on 27-29 March, 1997)
By Anand Teltumbde
Sugawa Prakashan, Pune

ROOMS with a View- Caste, Race and Stupidity, how it develops?

THE MALLEABLE LANGUAGE OF MANY CULTURES IS PRESERVED IN THE WOOD AND STONE OF PITT'S NATIONALITY ROOMS.
By Mark Collins
If a group of people are isolated long enough, author John Updike once observed, they soon develop an accent, then a dialect, then a language all their own.
The same happens to many Americans, only in reverse. Time and oceans isolate us from our forebears' native lands. Succeeding generations lose their language, then their dialect, then their accent altogether. Folk clothes and folk customs give way to suburban houses and Chevrolets. Soon our identity has melded into the melting pot, which is exactly what our immigrant ancestors wanted: a new life in the New World. Subsequent offspring, however, begin yearning for the past. Lost in the hegemony of modern culture, they feel along the bark of the family tree, mapping the limbs, seeking the route to the roots.

Dr.Ambedkar & America?

Dr. Ambedkar and America
By Prof. Eleanor Zelliot A talk at the Columbia University Ambedkar Centenary, 1991
Introductiory remarks

Dr. Ambedkar was one of the first (and one of the few) Indian leaders to be educated in the United States. I am not sure what influence his years at Columbia University in New York City had on his life, but I know we can be proud to claim some part of this remarkable man's early development. Two of the qualities which mark his life and career – optimism and pragmatism – may have been enhanced by his contact with this country, which prides itself on its charactersitics of hope and practicality.

The three years Ambedkar spent at Columbia, 1913-1916, awakened, in his own words, his potential. Columbia was in its golden age, and a list of Ambedkar's professors reads like a catalog of early 20th-century American educators. The transcript of Ambedkar's work at Columbia reveals that he audited many classes, more than he could have taken for grades, including such subjects as "railroad economics." Later, Ambedkar wrote, "The best friends I have had in my life were some of my classmates at Columbia and my great professors, John Dewey, James Shotwell, Edwin Seligman and James Harvey Robinson. II (Columbia Alumni News, December 19, 1930).

Sunday, January 14, 2007

Gajendran Ayyadurai- Scholar of the Month [January 2007], due to serious questions about if he deserves to be a scholar, I removed him from the list

Gajendran Ayyadurai has been removed from scholar of the month. A appropriate candidate will be reviewed and profiles here in this column.

Friday, January 12, 2007

Dr.Ambedkar- The Great Scholar & Humanitarian

For Writers:
Knowingly or unknowingly, deliberately or by careless usage of words, writers at times make a wrong interpretation of a person, event, a book or activities. Jack Stephenson, a graduate student from a US university and an aspiring writer on Dalit/Shudra issues in India, in his recent article he has mentioned "a militant Ambedkar"?. I wrote to him to correct the word because I did not agree with him to use this word about Dr.Ambedkar. He did not understand why I was against it or felt aversive to this word"militant". The following is my response to him, this can be very well to all the writers of today who otherwise might misinterpret certain services of Great Ambedkar.

This is my Explanation & Reasons:
Saint said...
Hello Jack & Bhupinder,
I wish you had an opportunity to read my comments carefully, because the answer for your question is already embedded in it. Neverthless, I am glad to clarify it for you here, so that it might be of some help for all concerned to draw a fruitful interpretation of Dr.Ambedkar's contributions to this world. Dr.Ambedkar was one of the finest Humanitarian and intellect. I realy cannot think of an alternative or an equivalent person like Dr.Ambedkar in the last 100 hundred years or so?. His humanitarian way of dealing with this world predominates even today than his myraid of other superlatives he acquired or possessed or encapsulated in him.

It is very important for us to look at his early years to see why militancy was not part of his life but the humanitrain and scholarly approach was!!.

Let us look at the early years of Dr.Ambedkar:

a].In the school days, he was humiliated and tortured by isolation and he was made to sit in a corner like some street dogs?.
b].His classmates used to keep their lunch boxes behind the black board or somewhere in that vicinity. The class teacher asked the students in the class to go to the board to write or explain subjects, one day when the teacher had asked Ambedkar to come forward to the black board. There was an immediate chaos among boys in the classroom, the whole class was opposed Ambedkar reaching to the board, infact they all rushed to move their lunch boxes far away from Ambedkar. These are young boys, these are kids we are talking about. Even the kids those era had the most maligned heads and thoughts about another human, they called the poor section of the society as impure, these day to day class activity is worst than slaughtering of a person. Because they were actually slaughtering the thoughts of Ambedkar and other untouchable boys, such a very young and tender brains cannot withstand tormenting environments as was imposed upon the dalits those days by lunatic caste people. But Ambedkar made it through, there was not a single incident of he beeing a militant or attacking the other boys in the class...?.
c]. When, Bhimrao was thursty and tried to drink water in a public tap, he was physically kicked out of water tap, and abused for touching the water tap, the hearts should bleed in any human to watch or to undergo such social crimes. But such barbarism continued......the remains of barbaric hindu culture is killing dalits even today.
d] Elsewhere, water was poured on his hands for him to drink, from several feet above his hand, he has to hold both the hands like a begging posture to fetch some stray water from some upper castes persons pot and he was made to drink like this?.
e].When Bhimarao and his brother or cousin brother were travelling in a man pulled cart, somewhere halfway the cartman was told about the boys that they were untouchables, immmediately the cartman twisted the cart and these kids were thrown out of the cart savagely by the bloody cartman.
f] so many events like this would normally torment the thought processes and ability to behave as normal human, it will make a person ill to an extent that he or she will turn into taking arms, guns or something to become a militant or at the least a voilent person. Which is the height of beeing a militant, I would have appreciated such militantancy in him if had followed that path, butDr.Ambedkar did the opposite, even in such circumstances Dr.Ambedkar was showing his most humane side of it or he was humane beyond the human qualities we see in our society. The atrocity against him was like a crucification that he went through? I would have enjoyed even if Dr.Ambedkar had turned as a rebel (which is also a militant behavior), but Ambedkar did not turned into any of those, no he did not turned into a rebel or some murderer of some sorts!.

On the contrary, Dr.Ambedkar galvanized all his internal and external resources and strenghts to deal with this inhumane conditions head on, he educated himself despite all this shortcomings, after basic education, he uplifted himself into an intellect. This way his endeavors were to face the trillions of hindu tabos and the pathology of castes in the hindu society. Only intellecutalism in him empowered Dr.Ambedkar to fight with this whole barbaric hindu system and he did not use the militancy in him.

Remember one thing, Brahmins and the Hindu society is so badly fu...d up, the only thing in the world that can defeat the hard wired pathology of hindu and varna social anarchy is intellecualism. We have seen militants after militants, the good, the ugly and the bad militants who have failed to succeed using militancy approach. However, ONE SCHOLAR with great intellectualism was able to defeat, crush and destroy those brahminical monarchy of Indian society. That was and is Dr.Ambedkar, ......why and how would you refer such nobel qualities as militant approach?. I realy love to see a militant approach to throw out the damn caste virus, but it did happen by militant way.

The strategy that helped Dr.Ambedkar is the existence of enormous human integrity in Dr.Ambedkar as a human at a time period where human rights did not exist. in Indisa, ofcourse human rights are quite alien to Indian society even at present.

It was a time an untouchable might have been crushed like an insect, at that age Dr.Ambedkar did not sway away from good thoughts and good deeds to himself and to the society, as a matter of fact good deeds to the whole nation. So imagine, if Dr.Ambedkar is alive today and if he happens to hear this "militant" word, he might say oh good lord Buddha whatever happened this people, am I a militant? or have I used militancy in my approach?.

Jack, your examples and reasons are compelling and good ones as to why you have used the term, neverthless, I wish you will find some sense in my explanations.

Though some of Bhimarao's writings or thoughts would have had inclination towards Marxism and some such ideals, though his speeches and writings were fiery and like a wild fire but he stood beyond the militant approach, he would have easily became a gun holding militant if not a pen holding militant or for that matter a militant with pen and blood inside the pen. But, he was not?.

Furthermore, an english word such as militant has about half a dozen meaning, if you try to go through all those actual meaning of those words, it would be hard for me or anyone to be convinced if we can realy refer Bhimarao with that term, besides one of the meaning for this word is that "one who is not accepted widely or who's ideas are not accepted widely??". This is another good reason why this term is not right to use as does not fit Dr.Ambedkar, his work and principles are most widely accepted and used then and used widely now. As a matter of fact, though there were Hindu's against Dr.Ambedkar's upraisal and his social activities at that time, majority of Indians subtly appreciated his great service and nobel touch on the Indian society and on India.

Jack, you are a scholar, you are bestowed with great writing asset in you, sometime a little care or appropriate way of saying it will strengthen your creativity and the truth. Sorry if I offended you by saying savior of dalits, so what? I did say and mean in a way that one can become a DALIT SAVIOR, ask why not?. A true human of any color or country or society can come forward and clean up a filth like hindu society & filthy hinduism.
Because hindu's are incapable of any human qualities and human realization, whereas foreigners are better equipped with human qualities in them, time and again we have seen this, we had Mother Theresa, but who has to come from outside India and became such a great angel and savior of poor and needy. We had Beverely Nicholls to write about Gandhi was the most dangerous person to the dalits and to majority of sections of Indians as this naked pakri Gandhi was a traitor of the society and especially the downtrodden society, a shame to great human qualities. We had and have these NGOs from US and Europe who came to India to uplift the dalits, never or hardly there were any hindu's who pureheartedly determined and worked to clean up caste pathology that is true then and true now even after 5000 years, not a single Hindu so called upper caste person worth mentioning for this cause, so what this indicates is a foriegner might be better option for dalits in addition to their own dalit intellectuals and activists and messiah's to eliminate the caste. The dalits themselves are relentlessly fighting to cure the society. Therefore, I believe... it is just possible by a Human only by a Human. Not a hindu animals. Though dalits are the best to uplift their society themselves than others, it is not a pre-requisite, what is a pre-requisite here is to change and uplift the society by someone with great human quality, by someone who has the passion, love and care for fellow humans. After all, the truth prevails, the truth triumphs, not the filthy social system. And the best examples for this is Dr.Ambedkar, there are millions of his followers are the other good examples.

It is nice to see people like you and Bhupinder are coming forthcoming to talk and write about dalits, and thanks for beeing so thoughtful. Your service will shed some light on the darkest nation on earth, the Hindu India. The darkest and dirtiest and poorest nation on earth, the Hindu India.

What India needs now is a Humane India, where all men are equal. We do not want Hinduism which teaches there are pure men and there are impure men, it teaches saying there are warriors and there are outcastes, such bullshits need to be eliminated from the face of the earth, not only from India, but from Nepal, but from Pakistan, but from UK and from all over the world where dalits are mistreated. Only then, this barbaric Indians can claim any nationhood for India let alone claiming it as a powerful nation!.

Saint

Friday, January 5, 2007

A Dalit Village Farmer & Intellectual:-- Novel Rice Discovery!

DADAJI RAMJI KHOBARGADE
Sabottage of Dalit Intellectual Rights:--
Sabotage of Dalit intellecuatalism and their intellectual and property rights must be dealt with serious legal bindings and conciliatory actions, otherwise, the hindu's will continue to rob one's own rights their backyards.
This agricultural farmer in the picture above is a dalit intellectual farmer and he is from a small village, he is well known locally for his novel development of great rice types.
He has been toiling in his land for years, worked hard and deligently developed techniques and approaches that finaly was conducive for him to develop a new variety rice called HMT, further more this initial finding enabled him to develop half a dozen new variety of rice that is a blockbuster seller in northern India.
As usual in India, this man's ability to own his own creativity was in danger ever since he developed the newer rice types. Robbery in his land and house was a regular affair, besides his properties getting stolen by outsiders and neighbours, the products cultivated in his land too was under attack. People kept on stealing things, beyond all this petty cimilaity lies the huge robberer, that is the local university scientists. They wanted to find out what is going on from this villagers land, so they wanted to check out the developed rice variety, took some samples of rice from Dadaji and investigated ran some tests in the name rice purification (what the heck, rice purification, don't they have a better biological or biotechnological or agricultural terms) in their laboratory (find all the references and citations in the following news articles).
While none of the agricultuaralists came forward to honor or recognize this gentleman, as he was born in a poor family and hindu contaminted India as a dalit, nor the governmental agencies helped him in the appropriate ways and means.
So, everything boils down to one fact, he is a dalit, hindu's cannot stand a dalit coming up in life or dalit beeing creative, they either will not recognize to start with, or they will attack as it is happening? or they will intellectually robe his intellectualism (which is also happening in the highest place, the university) or they will rob such geniuses from dalit society and own as their own Brahma? LoL....!
This is a saga of 3000 years of hindu tradition to steal, tamper and loot any creativity that comes out of dalits.
So, I was not surprised by this great Farmer Dadaji Ramji Khobargade's fight to own his creativity. For practical purposes I drawn the weaknesses as follows, meaning, this is how things are in the villages. The first weakness is he lives in a village, no body gives a damn about a villager, the second weakness is he is a dalit whom the hindu people ruined them for the last 3000 years and the next weakness is he is not a PhD or some sort of academic person with other qualifications that would have caught someone's eye. So, if not on his own by someone's help Dadaji would have been identified and recognized.
Right now, it seems like no one seriously tried to help him to legitimize and legalize his inventions to make it equitable and expandable. Not a single human or Indian wants to identify the talents at least for money making purposes, wow....I can't realy believe what goes in India.
I wish from this blog or by bringing Dadaji's novel and scholarly work into the international audiences and to dalit scholars, I am hoping to see some fruitful initiatives. I would like to bring some immediate and equitable attention paid to his hard work and the innovative techniques of Dadaji. In the meantime, it is a shame that none of the farmers advocate came forward to help
Dadaji, what happen to those freaking ladies go fast over Narmada dam or such things, are these woman activists are real or for only hindus, what kind of village reformers are these ladies. What happened to those self-procaliamed high esteemed scientists like Swaminathan, who did not bather to look into this matter.
Worst of all , there were no dalit activist or leader came forward to fix the mundane paper work and the universitis cheating behavior to steal away the novel rice variety and its creativity. Dadaji developed 7 varieties of new rice types, which is deliciously popular in the northern states of India.
Dadaji Ramaji Khobragade (65) grew up in a small forest village called Nanded in Naghbid taluka of Chandipur district in Maharashtra. He left school after the 3rd standard due to adverse economic conditions and also because his help was necessary in the farm. Currently, he is the only earning member of his family, which comprises his son (who does not earn due to his ill health), his daughter-in-law and three grandchildren. He owns 1.5 acres of land and his income is Rs.12, 000 per annum. At present Dadaji Ramaji also cultivates three acres, once given to his son by a relative.He had to sell two acres due to the illness of his son. Occasionally he works as a daily wage labourer to support his seven-member family.


Atrocity News: Indian Carver cheated: Intellectual dishonesty
05Jan07
68-yr-old Dadaji Ramaji Khobragade is a Indian Buddhist farmer with a grouse. Ten years ago he shot to fame for breeding a variety of rice called Hmt which went on to become one of the highest yielding varieties in the region.It even became popular in neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. In Maharashtra it is grown in over 6,88,000 hectares reports NDTV. Dadaji Khobragade, HMT Rice Variety Developer” When my neighbours took it to the market to sell it, the traders could immediately tell this was different variety and asked for its name. One of the farmers was wearing an Hmt watch and decided to call the rice variety that. Eversince it been called Hmt rice”. Grassroots innovation like Khobragade’s are classic example of necessity being the mother of invention. And yet he is a bitter man today. While the seeds he helped develop sell for as much as 1500 rupees a quintal he’s got nothing. Leave alone money even recognition seems to be taking its time finding him.

Fighting for a grain of truth
Jaideep Hardikar Sunday, November 06, 2005 22:37 IST
NANDED/CHANDRAPUR: Thefts at Dadaji Ramaji Khobragade’s one-acre farm are a common occurrence. “Last month,” says the 66-year-old farmer, “someone stole two pumpkins. Earlier, thieves stole my wooden cots.” But these, he says, are nothing compared to the grand heist: the robbing of credit for developing some of central India’s most popular rice varieties.
The culprit is a premier agriculture university of Maharashtra that claims to have “purified and refined” the parent breed. But Dadaji, who was bestowed with an award by the National Innovation Foundation of India at the hands of President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam this year, vows he’s not giving up his fight for the credit line.

By VIVEK DESHPANDE
Two months ago, The Indian Express had reported how Dadaji Khobragade, the developer of seven popular rice varieties, was living a life of penury even as the Maharashtra government’s Punjabrao Krishi Vidyapeeth (PKV) passed off his HMT variety in a ‘‘purified’’ form as PKV HMT. And now that Dadaji is seeking to apply for a once-in-a-lifetime award of Rs 2 lakh from the National Research Development Corporation (NRDC), the PKV is playing spoilsport again. The bone of contention now is a copy of the Varietal Research Proposal—a record of the development of the rice varieties—which Dadaji needs to submit to the NRDC for the award.
‘‘I have had the NRDC letter for many months now. I met PKV vice-chancellor Sharad Nimbalkar at Chandrapur last month. He asked me to approach the PKV’s Rice Breeder Centre at Sindewahi. But they refused to part with the document,’’ Dadaji said.
Suspicions that this isn’t just another whirl of the bureaucratic merry-go-round arise because of Dadaji’s past run-ins with PKV. The HMT Sona—one of the seven varieties Dadaji developed over 20 years, a feat recognised by the National Innovation Foundation’s second all-India prize—was picked up by the PKV, ‘‘purified’’ and sent back to the market as PKV HMT.

Farmer seeks recognition for rice strain

Rice of the rural kind

WESTERN BUDDHISTS TO LEARN FROM AMERICAN JEWS By PPLakshmanJi

I read with great interest "A Challenge to Buddhism" by Ven.Bhikkhu Bodhi that I was fortunate to read on the internet. 
We all know and revere Bhikkhu Bodhi. His talks and writings are always inspiring and  provocative. His distress evident in the above-mentioned article will be shared by all those who read it.
Of late we have been hearing a lot about the expression  "Engaged Buddhism". I find the expression mostly among the Mahayanists rather than among the Therawadis in the Western world. Mahayanists also use the expression "Humanistic Buddhism". To everyone who is not a Buddhist, it simply means Applied Buddhism or practical Budhism.
There has been  challenges to Buddhism in all eras. To my mind, there is no greater solution, no enduring remedy to the challenges in any era than the creation of Buddha's disciples known as Arhants who would advice and give lead to people to solve their problems as and when they arise, regardless of color, race, creed or nation. Whatever the problems - social problems like injustice or natural catastrophies like earthquake or global problems like climate change 
-  the cutting edges of weapons in Buddhist armory to counter them always lay in individuals in the first instance, and subsequently in their organizations, with or without the support of governments. Therawada Buddhism which I am more familiar with has had a monastic order in place since Buddha'.s time where trained monks are turned out in large numbers, year after year, in Therawada countries -  Sri Lanka, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia.  Many of the trained monastics become bodhisatvas (seekers of enlightenment), few if any become fully enlightened worthy ones known as arhants who are worthy to advice and lead. Finding arhants is like mining for diamonds.
Many of the social service organizations, Buddhist or other,  fail because of the absence of arhants, the fully enlightened ones, to lead them. The fully enlightened arhants emerge out of the multitudes of monks, worthy to advice and worthy to lead..  
 
There have been a plethora of institutions with long histories of social service like the CARE, the American Peace Core, Red Cross, YMCAs, and many others. Bhikkhu Bodhi has mentioned American Jewish World Service (AJWS) which is relatively a new organization like the Islamic Relief USA and others, all of which "aiming to alleviate suffering, hunger, illiteracy and disease, worldwide". On the other hand,  organizations with limited goals also take birth like the Armenian Relief Society with its limited goal of serving the humanitarian needs of the Armenian people worldwide, who still suffer from the effects of its underreported holocaust of early 20th century. I wonder what make AJWS exceptional. 

Has AJWS  tested its declared objective of social service on the soils of Israel's next door neighbors or in the  Arab sector inside Israel itself?  Some material on the internet gave me the impression that AJWS perhaps took birth out of cognitive dissonance among American Jews suffering from psychological conflicts between incompatible beliefs and attitudes.  
The highly efficient style of working of organizations like AJWS backed by media support can make favourable impression of them even if they do not have enlightened leaders and violate one or more of the five precepts that the Buddhists always practise in all their endeavours.
Social service is the objective of most organizations, but they have besides social service something which make them distinct. For instance, the U.S. after taking thousands of lives in Japan with their nuclear armory seek to create a better image of the U.S.with its Peace Core volunteers, YMCAs seek to spread Christian messages behind their altruism,  what if AJWS seeks to show Jewish presence in world service, no matter that the Jews are only 0.2 percent of a world population of 7 billion.   
 
I wish to draw the attention of my readers to an organization which I had in  mind when I wrote earlier in this piece about arhants and searching for them like mining for diamonds. 
The organization is called Fo Guang Shan (FGS), which means literally "Buddha's Light Mountain", and its organizer is Master Venerable Hsing Yun, born in mainland China in 1927. Master Venrable Hsing Yun founded FGS in 1967 in a remote quiet area in the hills of  Kaohsiung in southern Taiwan. It is a Mahayana Buddhist order promoting Humanistic Budddhism, a modern Chinese philosophy. Humanistic Buddhism aims to make Buddhism relevant in the world and in the people's lives and hearts. It is a monastic order and not a theoretical school of thought per se.
In May 1997, Hsing Yun got the gates of FGS closed to the general public in order to give a cloistered atmosphere to the temple residents.
But, following the plea of the public headed by the President of Taiwan, FGS reopened the gates in December 2000. In the last 40 years since its inception, FGS has been remarkably successful in extending its services beyond Taiwan,  setting up temples and organizations in 173 countries and encompassing more than 3,500 monastics. FGS also created an affiliate in 1992, Buddha's  Light International Association (BLIA),  
which has now over 100 chapters in the world.  The monastic order represented by Fo Guang Shan and Buddha's Light International Association has now over a milliom followers worldwide. It has been said  "In Master Venerable Hsing Yun, Buddhism has found a reformer, an innovator and an educator. Under his strong  leadership, Buddhism has extended beyond traditional temple life to integrate and further enrich the modern city dwellers."
 
 P.P.Lakshman
December 18, 2008
 
 

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Ravana & the depiction of 10 Heads? What is the Rationale?

Ravana's ten heads represent the ten crowns he wore as a result of his being the sovereign of ten countries.